Appendix III — Bibliography

Preface

Tycho Brahe quote: “Simplicibus itaque verbis gaudet Mathematica Veritas, cum etiam per se simplex sit Veritatis oratio.”
Epistolarum astronomicarum liber primus (1596), General Preface: In J L E Dreyer (ed), Tychonis Brahae Astronomi Dani Opera Omnia 6, 23.
Source URL: http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Quotations/Brahe.html

“Now today we have a very remarkable fact, my dear friends …”
Rudolph Steiner quote from Third Scientific Lecture-Course: Astronomy, Schmidt Number: S-4337, Lecture II (Stuttgart, January 2, 1921)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/002A_Rudolph-Steiner-Astronomy.htm
Source URL: http://wn.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA323/English/LR81/19210102p01.html

Foreword

“Tycho Brahe, the most prominent and accomplished …”
Regarding how Tycho Brahe noted the Absurdity of the Copernican Theory regarding the Bigness of Stars, while the Copernicans appealed to God to answer that Absurdity by Christopher M. Graney (December 2011)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/003A_Tycho-Noted-Absurdity.pdf
Source URL: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1112/1112.1988.pdf

“Rather than give up their theory …”
The Case Against Copernicus by Dennis Danielson and Christopher M. Graney (March 2014) for Scientific American 03/2014; 310(1):72-7
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/003B_Case-Against-Copernicus.pdf
Source URL: https://physics.ucf.edu/~britt/Geophysics/Readings/R2The%20case%20against%20Copernicus.pdf

“He [Kepler] sought to redirect his religious …”
The Composition of Kepler’s Astronomia Nova by J. R. Voelkel (2001).
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=_NZsb6B8ATkC

“The North Star has been a guiding light for …”
North Star Closer to Earth Than Thought by Andrew Fazekas (December 5, 2012) for National Geographic News
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/003C_North-Star-Closer.htm
Source URL: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/12/121204-north-star-distance-closer-solar-system-space-science/

“Kepler’s Laws are wonderful as a description …”
Kepler’s Laws and Newton’s Laws from a Mount Holyoke College course (Massachusetts)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/005A_Kepler-Newton.htm
Source URL: https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/mdyar/ast223/orbits/orb_lect.html

Diagram from Lumen Learning online coursework
Source URL: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/earthscience/chapter/introduction-to-the-solar-system/

General information
How long does it take the Sun to orbit the galaxy? by Robert Matthews (July 22, 2009 at ScienceFocus.com)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/003C_How-Long-Sun-Orbit.htm
Source URL: http://www.sciencefocus.com/qa/how-long-does-it-take-sun-orbit-galaxy

Chapter 1

“In fact, the majority of stars happens to …”
Binary stars and the VLTI: research prospects by Andrea Richichi and Christopher Leinert (July 2000) from Proc. SPIE Vol. 4006, p. 289-298, Interferometry in Optical Astronomy, Pierre J. Lena; Andreas Quirrenbach; Eds.
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/006B_VLTI-abstract.htm
Source URL: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000SPIE.4006..289R

General information
Tycho’s Illusion: How it lasted 400 Years, and What that implies about Human Cognition by H. Margolis (1998)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/007A_Tychos-Illusion.htm
Source URL: http://www.cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/cgi/psyc/newpsy?article=9.32&submit=View+Article

“In fact, 85% of the stars in the Milky Way galaxy…” and illustration
Binary Stars by Jim Schombert (2018) for University of Oregon Astronomy 122: Birth and Death of Stars
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/007B_Binary-Stars.htm
Source URL: http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast122/lectures/lec10.html

ESO imagery of the binary star HIC 59206 imaged without and with adaptive optics correction.
Image credits: ESO, 13 May 2003
Source URL: https://www.eso.org/public/usa/images/eso0313b
Source URL: https://www.eso.org/public/usa/images/eso0313c

General information
Wikipedia entry on “Adaptive Optics”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Adaptive_optics.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_optics

Intersecting orbits animation
Source URL: http://www.skymarvels.com/infopages/stellarobjects.htm

“There are many common misconceptions …”
Binary Star Prevalence from BRI
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/008A_BRI-Prevalence.htm
Source URL: http://www.binaryresearchinstitute.org/bri/research/evidence/prevalence.shtml

“Binary stars are two stars orbiting a common …”
Binary Star Systems: Classification and Evolution by SPACE.com Staff (January 17, 2018)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/008B_Space-Binary-Star-Systems.htm
Source URL: https://www.space.com/22509-binary-stars.html

“Binary stars are of immense importance to astronomers …”
Binary Stars by CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility (2017)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/008C_ATNF-Binary-Stars.htm
Source URL: http://www.atnf.csiro.au/outreach/education/senior/astrophysics/binary_intro.html

General information
Understanding Precession of the Equinox by Walter Cruttenden and Vince Dayes (2001)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/009A_Understanding-Precession.pdf
Source URL: http://carlotto.us/newfrontiersinscience/Papers/v02n01a/v02n01a.pdf

Illustrations from
p. 6 of The barycentric motion of exoplanet host stars by M. A. C. Perryman and T. Schulze-Hartung (2010)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/009B_Barycentric-Motion.pdf
Source URL: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2011/01/aa15668-10.pdf

Chapter 2

Illustration of comparative model
Indian Mathematics and Astronomy by Dr. S. Balachandra Rao (Jnana Deep Publications, 1998)
Source URL: https://books.google.com/books?id=3MzaAAAAMAAJ

Tycho Brahe model illustration
Source URL: http://www.geocentrismdebunked.org/as-the-universe-turns/

Chapter 3

“If the general relativity method is correct …”
The Speed of Gravity — What the Experiments Say by Tom Van Flandern (1998) American Astronomical Society, DDA meeting #30, #10.04
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/012A_Speed-of-Gravity.htm
Source URL: http://ldolphin.org/vanFlandern/

“Most likely because they are too close …”
Why don’t Mercury and Venus have moons? by NASA for Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) Education Center
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/013A_Astronomy-Answers.htm
Source URL: https://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/venus/q328.html

“Why Venus doesn’t have a moon is a mystery …”
How many moons? By Kristen Erickson (2017) for NASA Space Place
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/014A_Space-Place.htm
Source URL: http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/how-many-moons/en/

Jupiter and moons orbital resonance animation
from Wikimedia commons via Wikipedia entry on “Io moon”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Io_moon.pdf
Source URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galilean_moon_Laplace_resonance_animation.gif

Chapter 4

First photograph of Sirius A and Sirius B (by Lindenblad — 1973) and “Sirius A and B in 1990”
from The Dogon and Sirius by Martin Clutterbuck
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/015A_Sirius.htm
Source URL: http://www.geocities.ws/martinclutt/testcmab.htm

“The force of gravity on Sirius B is 350,000 stronger …”
Sirius Star, SolarSystemQuick.com (2010)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/016A_Sirius-Star.htm
Source URL: https://www.solarsystemquick.com/universe/sirius-star.htm

Sirius dimensional data
and
“In 2005, using the Hubble telescope, astronomers determined …”
Wikipedia entry on “Sirius”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Sirius.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius

“The distance separating Sirius A from its …”
Sirius 2, SolStation.com (1998-2010)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/016C_Sirius-2.htm
Source URL: http://www.solstation.com/stars/sirius2.htm#sirius-b

General information
Is Sirius a Triple Star? by Benest and Duvent (1994)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/017A_Is-Sirius-Triple-Star.pdf
Source URL: http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1995A&A…299..621B&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf

Emme Tolo graphic
The Dogons and the Stars of Sirius (EN) by Pacal Votan (2007)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/017B_Pacal-Dogon.htm
Source URL: http://www.pacal.de/dogon.htm

General information
The Dogon Tribe: Connection Sirius by Ivan Petricevic (2007)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/017C_Dogon-Sirius.htm
Source URL: https://www.ancient-code.com/the-dogon-tribe-connection-sirius/

Chapter 5

“Longomontanus, Tycho’s sole disciple, assumed …”
Wikipedia entry on “Christen Sørensen Longomontanus”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Longomontanus.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christen_S%C3%B8rensen_Longomontanus

“Most scientists refused to accept [Copernicus’s] theory …”
The Case Against Copernicus by Dennis Danielson and Christopher M. Graney (March 2014) for Scientific American 03/2014; 310(1):72-7
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/003B_Case-Against-Copernicus.pdf
Source URL: https://physics.ucf.edu/~britt/Geophysics/Readings/R2The%20case%20against%20Copernicus.pdf

Chapter 6

General Information
Kepler’s Fabricated Figures – Covering up the Mess in the New Astronomy by W. H. Donahue (1998, for Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol.19, NO. 4/NOV, P.217)
Source URL: http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1988JHA….19..217D/0000217.000.htm

“Done in 1609, Kepler’s fakery is one of the earliest known …”
Pioneer Astronomer Faked Orbit Theory, Scholar Says by New York Times (January 23, 1990)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/020B_Pioneer-Faked-Theory.htm
Source URL: http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1990-01-23/news/9001233356_1_johannes-kepler-planets-move-owen-gingerich

“We discuss here a kind of period that we call the empiric sidereal interval (ESI) …”
Ancient Maya documents concerning the movements of Mars by Harvey M. Bricker, Anthony F. Aveni and Victoria R. Bricker (published in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. February 2001)
Source URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC29390/

“We have seen that Tycho, like Ptolemy and Copernicus, assumed …”
p.346, Tycho Brahe: a picture of scientific life and work in the sixteenth century by John Louis Emil Dreyer (1890)
Source URL: http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/j-l-e-john-louis-emil-dreyer/tycho-brahe–a-picture-of-scientific-life-and-work-in-the-sixteenth-century-hci/page-29-tycho-brahe–a-picture-of-scientific-life-and-work-in-the-sixteenth-century-hci.shtml

“Among the planets, Mars is a maverick, wandering off …”
The Ballet of the Planets: A Mathematician’s Musings on the Elegance of Planetary Motion by Donald Benson (2012)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=Z2vhPdfrtXUC&lpg=PT82&dq=mars%2079-year%20cycle&hl=it&pg=PT92#v=onepage&q=mars%2079-year%20cycle&f=false

“De Motibus Stellae Martis” illustration from ASTRONOMIA NOVA ΑΙΤΙΟΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ, SEU PHYSICA COELESTIS, TRADITA COMMENTARIIS DE MOTIBUS STELLAE MARTIS, EX OBSERVATIONIBUS G.V. TYCHONIS BRAHE. [HEIDELBERG: E. VÖGELIN], by Johannes Kepler, Ernst Vögelin, Tengnagel (1609)
Source URL: https://books.google.com/books?id=7H9ZVFpqssIC

“It is suggested that the rule of thumb of stellar age delineation …”
Stellar Metamorphosis by Jeffrey Wolynski & Barrington Taylor (2017)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/026A_Stellar-Metamorphosis.pdf
Source URL: http://vixra.org/pdf/1711.0206v1.pdf

Discussion extracted from the “Stellar Metamorphosis” thread at the Thunderbolts.info forum
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/026B_Thunderbolts-info-Stellar.pdf
Source URL: http://thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=5734&start=1650

“Long before Ptolemy, the Babylonians knew that the motion of Mars …”
Further pages from The Ballet of the Planets: A Mathematician’s Musings on the Elegance of Planetary Motion (2012) by Donald Benson
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=Z2vhPdfrtXUC&lpg=PT82&dq=mars%2079-year%20cycle&hl=it&pg=PT82#v=onepage&q=mars%2079-year%20cycle&f=false

Kepler’s Discovery image by anonymous
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/027B_Three-Hypotheses.htm
Source URL: http://www.keplersdiscovery.com/Hypotheses.html

Image of chart of Mars Oppositions from the years 1950 to 2934
from Mars Oppositions by Hartmut Frommert (2008)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/028A_Mars-Oppositions.htm
Source URL: http://spider.seds.org/spider/Mars/marsopps.html

Image from Les Oppositions de la planète Mars (April 2014) by Gilbert Javaux
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/029A_Les-Oppositions.htm
Source URL: http://pgj.pagesperso-orange.fr/mars080414.htm

Mars Fact Sheet by Dr. David R. Williams (NASA, December 23, 2016)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/059B_Mars-fact.htm
Source URL: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.html

Chapter 7

Image of Mars retrograde motions in a Copernican model
Source URL: http://ase.tufts.edu/cosmos/print_images.asp?id=36

Images of Copernican solar system model screen grabs from SCOPE planetarium (2017 version)
Source URL: https://www.solarsystemscope.com/

Chapter 8

Image of “The ancients never believed …” extract from
Parallax: The Race to Measure the Cosmos by Alan W. Hirshfeld (May 1, 2001, W. H. Freeman publishing)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=jUepAAAAQBAJ

General information and source image of P-Type planet orbits
Dynamics and observational prospects of co-orbital planets in double stars by Dr. Richard Schwarz (2017)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/046A_Co-Orbital-Planets.htm
Source URL: http://www.univie.ac.at/adg/schwarz/COORBIN/coorbin.html

Chapter 10

General information
Neave planetarium
Source URL: http://www.neave.com/planetarium

Chapter 11

“The periods of Venus’ rotation and of its orbit are synchronized …”
Venus from NinePlanets.org
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/054A_Nine-Planets-Venus.htm
Source URL: http://nineplanets.org/venus.html

“Every 584 days, Venus and Earth come to their point …”
Venus, by ABC Australia Television’s The Lab (2017)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/054B_ABC-Venus.htm
Source URL: http://www.abc.net.au/science/space/planets/venus.htm

“Whether this relationship arose by chance or is the result …”
Wikipedia entry on “Tidal locking”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Tidal_locking.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_locking

“Tidal locking of Venus planet: […] so that the Venus …”
Orbital resonance and Solar cycles by P.A. Semi (March 2009)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/054D_Orbital-resonance.pdf
Source URL: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0903/0903.5009.pdf

Chapter 12

“When an object the size of Mars crashed into the newly formed …”
What Is Earth’s Axial Tilt or Obliquity? (TimeAndDate.com)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/038A_What-is-Axial-Tilt.htm
Source URL: https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/axial-tilt-obliquity.html

Axial tilt images
Source URL: http://data.allenai.org/tqa/seasons_L_0301/

“The northern hemisphere consists of …”
p. 164 from Big Bang or Big Bluff by Hans Binder (May 2011)
Source URL: https://books.google.com/books?id=YI9MAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA164&dq=is%20earth%20heavier%20at%20the%20northern%20hemisphere%20or%20at%20the%20southern%3F&pg=PA164#v=onepage&q=is%20earth%20heavier%20at%20the%20northern%20hemisphere%20or%20at%20the%20southern?&f=false

The chaotic obliquity of Mars by Jihad Touma and Jack Wisdom (Science, New Series, Vol. 259, No. 5099, Feb. 23 1996)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/044A_Mars-Obliquity.pdf
Source URL: https://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/users/wisdom/mars-obliquity.pdf

Mars pole view images
Credited to NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team STScI/AURA
Source URL: https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo0534e/

“It’s such a deep-rooted mystery and so difficult to explain …”
and
“The Sun’s rotation was measured for the first time …”
Planet Nine may be responsible for tilting the Sun by Shannon Stirone (2016)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/056A_Planet-Nine.htm
Source URL: http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/10/planet-nine-tilting-the-sun

“Scheiner, in his massive 1630 treatise on sunspots entitled …”
“1610: First telescopic observations of sunspots” in Solar Physics Historical Timeline by UCAR/NCAR 2018
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/056B_Solar-physics-timeline.htm
Source URL: https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/Education/solar-physics-historical-timeline-1600-1799

Sunspot imagery from Rosa Ursina, in Provinciis Austriacis florens, sive illustrissimæ … familiæ Romanæ Ursinæ, traduces in Slavoniam, Carnioliam, Carinthiam, Styriam, Bohemiam propagatæ, etc by Christoph Scheiner (1630)
Source URL: https://books.google.com/books?id=6TVoAAAAcAAJ

“All of the planets orbit in a flat plane with respect to the sun …”
Curious tilt of the sun traced to undiscovered planet by California Institute of Technology (2016)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/057A_Curious-tilt.htm
Source URL: https://phys.org/news/2016-10-curious-tilt-sun-undiscovered-planet.html#jCp

“The Sun’s axis tilts almost 7.5 degrees out of perpendicular …”
The Tilt of the Sun’s Axis by Bruce McClure (June 2006)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/057B_Tilt-of-Suns-Axis.htm
Source URL: http://www.idialstars.com/fipl.htm

General information
Venus Fact Sheet by Dr. David R. Williams, NASA (23 December 2016)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/059A_Venus-fact.htm
Source URL: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/venusfact.html

General information
Mars Fact Sheet by Dr. David R. Williams, NASA (23 December 2016)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/059B_Mars-fact.htm
Source URL: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.html

“The Sun’s tilt causes its poles to nod with respect …”
The Orientation of the Sun and Earth in Space by Australian Space Academy (2017)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/060A_Orientation-Sun-Earth.htm
Source URL: http://www.spaceacademy.net.au/library/notes/axialorien.htm

Image of extract from Galileo’s writings on Scheiner
from On Sunspots, Translations of letters by Galileo Galilei and Christoph Scheiner, University of Chicago Press (2010)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=-vz1-geXj8IC&pg=PA330&lpg=PA330&dq=this+pig+this+malicious+ass+galileo&source=bl&ots=udBAncnVrz&sig=5Cz7bw7ttuSO0DlwlWM7xwHevBU&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiTjsC5v9TWAhWBqxoKHV9ZBDAQ6AEIMTAC#v=onepage&q=this%20pig%20this%20malicious%20ass%20galileo&f=false

“After 1610, when Galileo engaged himself fully …”
Galileo in early modern Denmark, 1600-1650 by Helge Kragh
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/060C_Galileo-in-Denmark.pdf
Source URL: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1407/1407.7380.pdf

“Galileo has been called the ‘father of observational astronomy’ …”
Wikipedia entry on “Galileo Galilei”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Galileo_Galilei.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei

Epitrochoid Animated image
Epitrochoid, Epitrochoide by Robert Ferréol, Jacques Mandonnet (2006)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/061A_mathcurve.htm
Source URL: http://http://cyrille.nathalie.free.fr/math/mathcurve/epitrochoid.shtml.htm

“The center of mass of our solar system is very …”
Ask an Astronomer: Does the Sun orbit the Earth as well as the Earth orbiting the Sun? (July 2015, Cornell University)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/061B_Does-Sun-Orbit-Earth.htm
Source URL: http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/41-our-solar-system/the-earth/orbit/90-does-the-sun-orbit-the-earth-as-well-as-the-earth-orbiting-the-sun-beginner

“The barycenter (or barycentre) is the center of mass of …”
Wikipedia entry on “Barycenter”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Barycenter.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycenter

Chapter 13

Swinging Sun, 79-Year Cycle, and Climatic Change by T. Landscheidt from Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research (1981)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/063A_Swinging-Sun.htm
Source URL: http://bourabai.kz/landscheidt/swinging.htm

Image
and
Quote: “Master cycle of the solar system. Small circles indicate the position …”
The Golden Section: A Cosmic Principle by Theodor Landscheidt (1993)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/064A_Golden-section.htm
Source URL: http://bourabai.kz/landscheidt/consider.htm

Image
from p. 44 of Sun-Earth-Man: a Mesh of Cosmic Oscillations by Theodor Landscheidt
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/070A_Sun-Earth-Men.pdf
Source URL: http://plasmaresources.com/ozwx/landscheidt/pdf/Sun-Earth-Men_116_p_1989.pdf

“We apply our results in a novel theory of Sun-planets …”
Dynamical Characterization of the Last Prolonged Solar Minima by Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco and Rosa Hilda (2010, Compagnucci Wolff and Patrone)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/064B_Dynamical-Characterization.pdf
Source URL: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1207/1207.5436.pdf

Chapter 14

Wikipedia entry on “Asteroid Belt”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Asteroid_belt.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt

Asteroid belt image credited to NASA/JPL-Caltech/R.Hurt
Source URL: https://online.science.psu.edu/astro140_fawd001/node/11763

“Why does our solar system have an Asteroid Belt? …”
Asteroid Belt, University of Michigan Student Astronomical Society Astrophysics inreach at Cornell University (2006)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/065A_Asteroid-Belt.htm
Source URL: http://www.astro.cornell.edu/~randerson/Inreach%20Web%20Page/inreach/asteroids.html

Sheer Edge animated image from BRI
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/066A_BRI-Sheer-edge.htm
Source URL: http://www.binaryresearchinstitute.org/bri/research/evidence/sheeredge.shtml

Image of “Debris disc” around binary system Fomalhaut
from Wikipedia entry on “Fomalhaut”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Fomalhaut.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomalhaut

“The discovery of an asteroid belt-like band of debris …”
Telescopes find evidence for asteroid belt around Vega by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (2013)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/066C_Telescopes-Asteroid.htm
Source URL: http://www.astronomy.com/news/2013/01/telescopes-find-evidence-for-asteroid-belt-around-vega

“FOLLOW THE WATER : More and more research suggests …”
Where Did Earth’s Water Come From? By Jesse Emspak (“Live Science”, 2016)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/067A_Earths-Water.htm
Source URL: https://www.livescience.com/33391-where-did-water-come-from.html

“Of course, this leaves the question of whether water transport via …”
Flinging Asteroids into the Habitable Zone by Anson Lam (Jun 23, 2015)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/067B_Flinging-Asteroids.htm
Source URL: https://astrobites.org/2015/06/23/flinging-asteroids-into-the-habitable-zone/

General information
Asteroid flux towards circumprimary habitable zones in binary star systems: I. Statistical overview by D. Bancelin, E. Pilat-Lohinger, S. Eggl, T.I. Maindl, C. Schäfer, R. Speith, R. Dvorak (June 29, 2015)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/067D_Water-transport.pdf
Source URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.00993.pdf

Chapter 17

“Long term calculations of Earth’s orbital eccentricity show …”
from a discussion on geological cycles at the Thunderbolts.info forum
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/071A_Thunderbolts-info-Eccentricity.pdf
Source URL: http://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?p=58110&sid=ddcd6142451be0a0428f99f01ec1bc55#p58110

“Only a few modeled planetary motions are stable …”
Precision and Accuracy of the ATS, Earth Time (2006)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/072B_Earth-time.htm
Source URL: http://www.earth-time.org/precision.html

“Milankovitch cycles identified in sedimentary successions are …”
A Survey of Paleozoic Cyclostratigraphy presentation by Linda A. Hinnov, George Mason University for The Geological Society of America (GSA) Conference 2017
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/072A_Milankovitch-cycles.htm
Source URL: https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2017AM/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/307204

General information
Time-calibrated Milankovitch cycles for the late Permian by Huaichun Wu, Shihong Zhang, Linda A. Hinnov, Ganqing Jiang, Qinglai Feng, Haiyan Li & Tianshui Yang (13 September 2013) for Nature Communications volume 4
Source URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms3452

General information
Hunting for the 405-kyr eccentricity cycle phase at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in the Aïn Settara section (Kalaat Senan, central Tunisia) by Michel Hennebert (May 21, 2012 )
Source URL: http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2012_A05/

“Astronomers have discovered nine new transiting exoplanets …”
Turning planetary theory upside down: Nine new exoplanets found, some with retrograde orbits by ESO (2010)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/073A_Star-spin.htm
Source URL: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100413071749.htm

“In just two decades, we have gone from knowing one …”
Stars with planets on strange orbits: what’s going on? by Brett Addison and Jonti Horner (2016)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/073B_Strange-orbits.htm
Source URL: https://phys.org/news/2016-05-stars-planets-strange-orbits.html

Chapter 18

Conventional illustration of “Lunisolar wobble”
Precession of the Equinoxes by Roy Taylor (December 1, 2008)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/075A_Precession.htm
Source URL: http://www.decodingmythology.com/precession/precession1.html

Conventional illustration of “Lunisolar wobble”
and later in the chapter
Quote: “When Earth spins on its axis in West to East direction …”
Orbital Spin: A New Hypothesis to Explain Precession of Equinox―The Third Motion of Earth
by Rama Chandra Murthy Mothe (2014)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/076B_Orbital-Spin-New.htm
Source URL: http://file.scirp.org/Html/4-4500241_43414.htm

“Precession only occurs relative to objects outside the solar …” (p. 8)
and later on
“In summary, a number of independent groups, all studying …” (p. 2)
Comparison of Precession Theories: An Argument for the Binary Mode by Walter Cruttenden (August 12, 2003)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/075C_Comparison-of-Precession.pdf
Source URL: http://studyres.com/doc/16341584/comparison-of-precession-theories–an

“Lunisolar wobble required the pole to move by about one …”
Understanding Precession of the Equinox by Walter Cruttenden and Vince Dayes (2001)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/009A_Understanding-Precession.pdf
Source URL: http://carlotto.us/newfrontiersinscience/Papers/v02n01a/v02n01a.pdf

“If the slow wobble of Earth’s axis causes the …”
p.40, Our Sun: Biography of a Star by Christopher Cooper (2013)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=xGj0AwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA40&ots=e9QUhpncFU&dq=The%20only%20objects%20that%20follow%20precessional%20movement%20are%20those%20outside%20the%20Solar%20System&hl=it&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q=cyclical%20basis&f=false

“The Earth’s changing orientation to inertial space …”
Understanding Precession of the Equinox: Evidence our Sun may be part of a long cycle binary system by Walter Cruttenden and Vince Dayes (2003)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/099B_BRI-Evidence.pdf
Source URL: http://www.binaryresearchinstitute.org/bri/research/papers/BRI-Evidence.pdf

“The Copernican system, [Tycho Brahe] proclaimed, with its …”
Tycho Brahe’s critique of Copernicus and the Copernican system by Ann Blair (1990), in Journal of the History of Ideas 51(3): 355-377
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/076F_Brahes-Critique.pdf
Source URL: https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3373453/blair_brahe.pdf?sequence=2

Wikimedia image of Copernican Earth motion
Wikipedia (IT) entry on “Precessione degli equinozi”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Precessione_degli_equinozi.pdf
Source URL: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precessione_degli_equinozi

Chapter 19

Image from Professor Mahoney’s Astronomy Website by Robert Mahoney (2016)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/078A_Earth-Precession.pdf
Source URL: https://sites.google.com/site/oakastroflash/Home/the-solar-system/the-earth/precession-of-the-earth

Image of extract from p.74, The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: Philosophical Papers Volume 1 (Book 1) by Imre Lakatos, Cambridge University Press (November 28, 1980)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=RRniFBI8Gi4C&lpg=PA74&ots=2mHybhOICr&dq=%22quite%20small%20enough%20entirely%20to%20refute%20Fresnel%27s&hl=it&pg=PA74#v=onepage&q=quite%20small%20enough%20entirely&f=false

Chapter 20

“There must be a cause why snowflakes have the shape …”
In retrospect: On the Six-Cornered Snowflake by Philip Ball (21 December 2011) for Nature 480, 455
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/085A_Kepler-Snowflake.htm
Source URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/480455a

General information
Wikipedia entry on “Hexagon”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Hexagon.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagon

Chapter 23

Wiktionary definition of “unphysical”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKT-Feb-2017_Unphysical.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unphysical

“an object of diameter 725.27 km at a distance of 1 AU …”
Wikipedia entry on “Angular diameter”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Angular_diameter.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_diameter

Kyle’s Converter image and calculation from
Source URL: http://www.kylesconverter.com

Conventional illustration of sidereal and civil day lengths
The Solar and Sidereal Days by “A-star Maths/Physics Tuition/Tests/Notes”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/096A_Sidereal-Civic.htm
Source URL: https://astarmathsandphysics.com/university-physics-notes/planetary-science/1514-the-solar-and-sidereal-days.html

Chapter 24

General information compiled by Arizona State University professor of philosophy (Michael J. White)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/099A_Perturbed-Years.pdf
Source URL: http://www.public.asu.edu/~mjwhite/Sidereal%20and%20tropical%20years.pdf

“Sidereal vs. Solar Time: Why is the delta (time difference) between …”
Understanding Precession of the Equinox: Evidence our Sun may be part of a long cycle binary system by Walter Cruttenden and Vince Dayes (2003)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/099B_BRI-Evidence.pdf
Source URL: http://www.binaryresearchinstitute.org/bri/research/papers/BRI-Evidence.pdf

“The anomalistic year is usually defined as the time between …”
Wikipedia entry on “Year”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Year.pdf
Source URL: http://www.public.asu.edu/~mjwhite/Sidereal%20and%20tropical%20years.pdf

“On the anomalistic year: the year called the anomalistic …”
p.48, The Elements of Astronomy: Designed for the Use of Students in the University by Samuel Vince (1811)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=SagRAAAAYAAJ

“The perihelion of the earth’s orbit, and of all the planets, is moving …”
p.131, Foot Steps of the Ancient Great Glacier of North America: A Long Lost Document of a Revolution in 19th Century Geological Theory by Harold W. Borns Jr. and Kirk Allen Maasch (Jan 27, 2015 )
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=md5sBgAAQBAJ

Chapter 25

“In the Gregorian calendar, years that are divisible by 100 …”
Wikipedia entry on “February 29”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_February_29.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_29

“The Sidereal year of 365.25636 days is only valid …”
Wikipedia entry on “Sothic cycle”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Sothic_cycle.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sothic_cycle

Chapter 26

Drunken clock image
Source URL: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StoppedClock

Analemma photography from Anthony Ayiomamitis
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/106B_Solar-Analemma-anim.htm
Source URL: http://www.perseus.gr/Astro-Solar-Analemma-102816.htm
Source URL: http://www.perseus.gr/Astro-Solar-Analemma-110000-animated.htm

“The Sun’s movement against the starry background …”
p.20, Parallax: The Race to Measure the Cosmos by Alan W. Hirshfeld (May 1, 2001, W. H. Freeman publishing)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=jUepAAAAQBAJ

Analemma graphic
Source URL: http://www.scialp.it/topografia/5.htm

Image
and
“The equation of time is the east or west component …”
Wikipedia entry on “Equation of time”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Equation_of_time.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_time

Image of Trochoid types
Wikipedia entry on “Trochoid”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Trochoid.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochoid

“Calculations of the orbit of Mars, whose published values …”
Wikipedia entry on “Kepler’s laws of planetary motion”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-017_Keplers_laws_of_planetary_motion.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion

Image of Proxima’s traced path
from Hunting for Planets Around Proxima Centauri by David Dickinson (January 25, 2016) for Sky and Telescope Magazine
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/113A_Proxima-Centauri.htm
Source URL: http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/hunting-for-planets-around-proxima-centauri-0126201667/

Tracing software screenshot
from Heliocentric parallax by Michael Richmond (2014) for the Rochester Institute of Technology
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/114A_Vega.htm
Source URL: http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys440/lectures/helio_para/helio_para.html

Chapter 27

“To summarize, then, the Toltec Sunstone is an image …”
p.6, The Aztec Calendar Stone is not Aztec and it is not a Calendar by Douglas L. Bundy (November 13, 2012)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/115A_Aztec-Calendar-Stone-Paper.pdf
Source URL: http://www.voicesfromthedust.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Aztec-Calendar-Stone-Paper.pdf?hc_location=ufi

“The Carrington rotation number identifies the solar …”
p. 55, The Sun and How to Observe It by Jamey L. Jenkins (2009)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=4-0kLdeb4JAC

Image of extract from p. 13, Equatorial Electrojet by C Agodi Onwumechikli (1998)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=kwCFPH4C3tEC

“The saros is a period of approximately 223 synodic …”
Wikipedia entry on “Saros astronomy”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Saros-astronomy.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saros_(astronomy)

General information
Wikipedia entry on “Exeligmos”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Exeligmos.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exeligmos

“The Mesopotamians, and in particular the Babylonians …”
On the Saros by Kevin Clarke (1999), InconstantMoon.com
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/119A_On-the-Saros.htm
Source URL: http://www.inconstantmoon.com/cyc_ecl3.htm

General information
Wikipedia entry on “Full moon cycle”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Full_moon_cycle.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_moon_cycle

Major Axis of Moon’s Orbit image
Source URL: http://dcsymbols.com/future/school.htm

“Note that the lunar perigee precesses in the direction …”
A Modern Almagest: An Updated Version of Ptolemy’s Model of the Solar System by Richard Fitzpatrick (2010)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/121A_Almagest.pdf
Source URL: http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/Books/Syntaxis/Almagest.pdf

Chapter 28

A Chinese diagram of the apsidal precession of our Moon’s Apogee
from p.393, Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 3: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth by Joseph Needham (1959)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=jfQ9E0u4pLAC

“Einstein showed that general relativity agrees closely with …”
Wikipedia entry on “Tests of General Relativity”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Tests_of_general_relativity.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tests_of_general_relativity

“Einstein’s paper devoted to the GR prediction of Mercury’s …”
Einstein Paper on the Perihelion Motion of Mercury from GRT by A.A. Vankov (2011)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/124A_Vankov-Relativity.pdf
Source URL: http://www.gsjournal.net/old/eeuro/vankov.pdf

“It is thus proven that Einstein’s Mercury correction …”
The Incorrect Theory of Mercury’s Anomalous Precession by Roger Rydin (2010?)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/124B_Incorrect-Precession.pdf
Source URL: http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Astrophysics/Download/5901

General information
Anomalous Precessions from Reflections on Relativity by Kevin Brown (2017)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/125A_Math-Anomaly.htm
Source URL: http://www.mathpages.com/rr/s6-02/6-02.htm

“There are significant arguments that General Relativity …”
The Theory of Mercury’s Anomalous Precession by Roger A. Rydin (2011) from Proceedings of the NPA 8 501-506
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/126A_Mercury-Precession.pdf
Source URL: http://worldnpa.org/abstracts/abstracts_6066.pdf

Chapter 29

General information on planets
Planetary Fact Sheet by David R. Williams, NASA
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/128A_Planet-fact.htm
Source URL: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/

General information on planets
Wikipedia entry on “Neptune”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Neptune.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune

Chapter 30

“At present, signs and constellations are about one calendar …”
What is the zodiac? by Christopher Crockett (2016) for EarthSky
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/131A_Zodiac.htm
Source URL: http://earthsky.org/space/what-is-the-zodiac.

“Hipparchus was the first person to notice the earth’s …”
Hipparchus. Famous Scientists. famousscientists.org. (August 26, 2016)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/131B_Hipparchus.htm
Source URL: https://www.famousscientists.org/hipparchus/

“Some time around the middle of the second century BC, Hipparchus …”
Wikipedia entry on “Great Year”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Great_Year.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Year

“The constant seems to work for a while until a close …”
Response to The Precession Dialogues – BAUT Forum post by Walter Cruttenden at BRI blog (July 16, 2009)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/133A_BRI-Constant.htm
Source URL: http://binaryresearchinstitute.com/bri/response-to-the-precession-dialogues-baut-forum-post/

“Astronomers who studied the timing of eclipses over many centuries …”
Ask an Astronomer: Is the Moon moving away from the Earth? When was this discovered?
(July 18, 2015, Cornell University)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/134A_Moon-Moving-Away.htm
Source URL: http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/37-our-solar-system/the-moon/the-moon-and-the-earth/111-is-the-moon-moving-away-from-the-earth-when-was-this-discovered-intermediate

“Long gave three possible explanations for the observed acceleration …”
Ancient Astronomical Observations and the Study of the Moon’s Motion (1691-1757) by John M. Steele (2012)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=iWkVd8Ir3akC&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=halley+moon+accelerating+dunthorne&source=bl&ots=Z7b7VhB4uo&sig=3j3W3cwvH6GBr9BUCGbUuCXkhjs&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGorep58HUAhUExxQKHSf6CsIQ6AEIPzAD#v=onepage&q=halley%20moon%20accelerating%20dunthorne&f=false

“was proving an embarrassment to theoretical astronomers …”
p. 153, “Appendix I. Secular accelerations of the Sun and Moon” in Models and Precision: The Quality of Ptolemy’s Observations and Parameters by John Phillips Britton (Garland, 1992)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/136A_Britton-Acceleration-Sun-Moon.pdf
Source URL: http://www.caeno.org/pdf/Britton_Acceleration%20of%20sun%20and%20moon.pdf

“There are no satisfactory explanations of the accelerations …” (p.179)
and
“We are seriously lacking in mechanisms to explain the non-gravitational …” (p.199)
Astronomical Evidence concerning Non-gravitational Forces in the Earth-Moon System by R.R. Newton (1972) for Astrophysics and Space Science, Volume 16, Issue 2, pp.179-200
Source URL: http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1972Ap%26SS..16..179N&db_key=AST&page_ind=0&plate_select=NO&data_type=GIF&type=SCREEN_GIF&classic=YES

“It should be noted however, that when it was discovered …”
p. 306, The Determination of the Accelerations and Fluctuations in the Motions of the Sun and Moon by J.K. Fotheringham (1932) for The Observatory, Vol. 55, pp. 305-316
Source URL: http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1932Obs….55..305F&db_key=AST&page_ind=1&plate_select=NO&data_type=GIF&type=SCREEN_GIF&classic=YES

“The Martian equinoxes also precess, returning to an initial …”
p. 60, A Change in the Weather by Michael Allaby and Richard Garratt (2004)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=MnrrLHI4a4gC

“The season of perihelion follows the ~51,000-yr Martian …”
p. 1050, Mars: Maps edited by Hugh H. Kieffer (University of Arizona Press, 1992)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=ze27j5sSJVEC
“As a combined effect of the precession of the spin axis …”
p. 200, The Planet Mars: A History of Observation & Discovery by William Sheehan (1996)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=qSy6Hhbpjw4C

Chapter 31

General information
Wikipedia entry on “Gregorian calendar”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Gregorian_calendar.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar

“The Gregorian calendar aims to keep the vernal …”
Wikia commons article on “Year”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIA-Feb-2017_Year-Calendar-Wiki.pdf
Source URL: http://calendars.wikia.com/wiki/Year

“The real motivation for the Gregorian reform was not …”
Wikipedia entry on “Tropical year”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Tropical_year.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_year

“The aged Earth is slowing down in its daily rotation …”
and
“The computed path of a solar eclipse that occurred 2000 …”
Leap Seconds from National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (October 28, 2011)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/141A_Leap-seconds.htm
Source URL: http://english.ntsc.cas.cn/rs/psk/201110/t20111028_76988.html

“The US has supported dropping the leap second for quite …”
The Plan to Lose Leap Seconds Would Throw Our Clocks Out of Sync With the Earth by Victoria Turk (June 6, 2016) for Motherboard
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/142A_Lose-Leap-Seconds.htm
Source URL: https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/jp55vy/abolishing-leap-seconds-would-change-how-we-tell-the-time

Chapter 32

Population information
Source URL: http://brilliantmaps.com/human-hemisphere/

“Do our Science teachers tell us of the genius of the …”
Education, Chicano History site by Manuel (2003)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/146A_Chicano-history.htm
Source URL: http://www.oocities.org/chicanohistory/education.htm

“Our Maya people created the most accurate calendar in …”
Identity, Chicano History site by Manuel (2003)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/146C_Chicano-identity.htm
Source URL: http://www.oocities.org/chicanohistory/identity.htm

“Thus, the wise Sosigenes not just re-introduced the ancient …”
p. 8, Sirius and precession of the solstice by Uwe Homann (2005)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/146D_Sirius-Precession-of-Solstice.pdf
Source URL: http://www.binaryresearchinstitute.com/srg/The%20Sirius%20Research%20Group%20-%20Original%20Files/Sirius%20&%20Precession%20of%20the%20Solstice.pdf

“Then, during the late 16th century work of the 6th century …”
Chairman’s Report August 2001 by Bob Solly for The Sole Society (2001)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/146E_Solly-Longest-Day.htm
Source URL: http://www.sole.org.uk/0801chai.htm

Chapter 33

“For it is remarkable that owing to the precession of the …”
Sacred Science: The King of Pharaonic Theocracy by R.A. Schwaller de Lubicz (1982, Inner Traditions Reprint)
Source URL: https://books.google.com/books?id=cI8FHAAACAAJ

“The fact that Sirius seems to maintain its position relative …”
Karl-Heinz Homann (April 29, 1933 – April 23, 2008) by Walter Cruttenden for BRI’s Sirius Research Group
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/147B_Karl-Heinz-Homann.htm
Source URL: http://www.binaryresearchinstitute.org/srg/SiriusResearchIntro.shtml

“’Sirius remains about the same distance from the equinoxes …”
p. 13, Sirius and precession of the solstice by Uwe Homann (2005)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/146D_Sirius-Precession-of-Solstice.pdf
Source URL: http://www.binaryresearchinstitute.com/srg/The%20Sirius%20Research%20Group%20-%20Original%20Files/Sirius%20&%20Precession%20of%20the%20Solstice.pdf

Heliacal rise image
from p. 50, The heliacal rise of Sirius and ancient Egyptian chronology by Bradley E. Schaefer for Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol. 31, Part 2, p. 149 – 155, Yale University
Source URL: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000JHA….31..149S

“The Sothic cycle is a period of 1,461 Egyptian civil years …”
Wikipedia entry on “Sothic cycle”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Sothic_cycle.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sothic_cycle

“Experts at the International Astronomical Union (IAU) are in an uproar …”
The Precession Paradigm by Uwe Homann (May 2000)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/149A_Precession-Paradigm.htm
Source URL: http://www.poleshift.org/from%20Hom-Precession.html

Chapter 34

“James Bradley, (born March 1693, Sherborne, Gloucestershire …”
James Bradley — English Astronomer by Gerald S. Hawkins (2017) for From Encyclopædia Britannica
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/150A_James-Bradley.htm
Source URL: www.britannica.com/biography/James-Bradley

“James Bradley’s discovery of stellar aberration …”
pp. 16-17, Tycho Brahe by Wikipedians, from compiled Wikipedia articles about Tycho Brahe and related subjects
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=uW4Oq2al8oYC&lpg=PA14&dq=tycho%20brahe%20mars%20intersecting&hl=it&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q=tycho%20brahe%20mars%20intersecting&f=false

“The aberration of starlight was discovered in 1727 by the astronomer …”
Stellar Aberration from Reflections on Relativity by Kevin Brown (2017)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/150C_Aberration.htm
Source URL: http://mathpages.com/rr/s2-05/2-05.htm

Extract from p. 13, The Sky at Einstein’s Feet by William C. Keel (2006)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=cRv4Kro_krUC&lpg=PA13&dq=star%20annual%20motion%2040%20arcseconds&hl=it&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q=%2040%20arcseconds&f=false

“For instance Polaris, the pole star, seemed to travel annually …”
and
Image
from From Stargazers to Starships — 22a. The Aberration of Starlight by Dr. David P. Stern (2006)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/151A_Apparent-Displacement.htm
Source URL: https://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Saberr.htm

“It is important to notice that the early attempts were at …”
p. 222, The Historical Search for Stellar Parallax (Continued) by J. D. Fernie, from Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Vol. 69, pp.222-239
Source URL: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1975JRASC..69..222F

Chapter 35

“In the absence of any observed stellar parallax, Tycho …”
Tycho Brahe’s Critique of Copernicus and the Copernican System by Ann Blair (1990)
from Journal of the History of Ideas 51(3): 355-377.
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/153A_Blair-Brahe.pdf
Source URL: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3373453

“The farthest star we can see with our naked eye …”
What is the distance to the farthest star we can see with our naked eye? by Sudeep Dutt (2016) for Socratic.org
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/153B_Farthest-Star.htm
Source URL: https://socratic.org/questions/what-is-the-distance-to-the-farthest-star-we-can-see-with-our-naked-eye

General information
Wikipedia entry on “Luminosity”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Luminosity.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosity

General data
and
Star size comparison image
Wikipedia entry on “Alpha Centauri”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Alpha_Centauri.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Centauri

“A blue-white supergiant, Deneb is also one of the most …”
Wikipedia entry on “Deneb”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Deneb.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deneb

Chapter 36

“Hipparchus of Nicaea (2nd century BC) is the first known …”
and
“The annual parallax is the tiny back-and-forth shift …”
The techniques of astronomy by James Evans (2017, Encyclopædia Britannica)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/156A_Techniques-of-Astronomy.htm
Source URL: https://www.britannica.com/science/astronomy/The-techniques-of-astronomy

A graphic from the Encyclopædia Britannica entry on “Parallax”
and later on in the chapter the quote
“The introduction of the photographic method by American astronomer Frank Schlesinger …”
Parallax by Kaj Aa. Strand and The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (2018)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/160B_Parallax-Britannica.htm
Source URL: https://www.britannica.com/science/parallax

Image of extract from Popular Astronomy by Simon Newcomb (1878)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=ZX7-nyXyy_cC

Wikipedia entry on “Hipparcos”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Hipparcos.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipparcos

“The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues are the primary products …”
The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, ESA (1997)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/157C_ESA-claim.htm
Source URL: http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I/239#sRM2.13

“The Hipparcos Catalogue stars, about 118,000 stars …”
and
“As a matter of fact, about half the average values …”
Research on Red Stars in the Hipparcos Catalogue by Vittorio B. Goretti (2013)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/157D_Red-Stars-Goretti.pdf
Source URL: http://www.vittoriogoretti-observatory610.org/2nd-research-2010-2012-pub-jan-2013/

“If you have a list of parallaxes of very distant objects, so …”
Extract from SpaceBanter Forum thread in December 2016
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/ 159A_Space-Banter-negative-parallax.pdf
Source URL: http://www.spacebanter.com/showthread.php?t=218020&highlight=negative+parallax

“I believe that conventional astronomical community are in …”
Negative Stellar Parallax Proof of Geocentrism and a Smaller Universe at forums.catholic.com (May 2010)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/159B_Catholic-negative-parallax.pdf
Source URL: https://forums.catholic.com/t/negative-stellar-parallax-proof-of-geocentrism-and-a-smaller-universe/199954

“The Hipparcos satellite recorded that 50% of the parallax …”
Please provide a Geocentric diagram at The Thinking Atheist Forum (February 2013)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/159C_ThinkingAtheist-negative-parallax.pdf
Source URL: http://www.thethinkingatheist.com/forum/Thread-Please-provide-a-Geocentric-diagram?pid=363622#pid363622

“Over 1 million objects are listed in the Tycho Main Catalogue, and …”
Amateurs measuring parallax at the CosmoQuest X Forums (February 2014)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/159D_Cosmoquest-parallax.pdf
Source URL: https://forum.cosmoquest.org/showthread.php?149459-Amateurs-measuringparallax&p=2196185#post2196185

“Parallax : The trigonometric parallax pi in units of …”
Hipparcos Main Catalog, NASA (2012)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/159A_NASA-Hipparcos.htm
Source URL: https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/all/hipparcos.html

“Then there are occasional stars for which the different …”
Recent Determinations Of Stellar Perallaxes By Photographic Methods. A Review by Robert G. Aitken
for Astronomical Society of the Pacific (Vol. 33, No. 191, February, 1921)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/160A_Classic-Negative-Parallax.htm
Source URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40670901?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

General information
Background: Parallax by Lindsay Clark (2000)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/161A_Princeton-Cassini.htm
Source URL: https://www.astro.princeton.edu/~dns/teachersguide/ParBkgd.html

Image of Copernican method for measuring distances of stars
Source URL: https://socratic.org/questions/how-stellar-parallax-is-measured

“At the end of 1838, Bessel announced that over a period …”
p.71, Measuring the Universe: The Cosmological Distance Ladder by Stephen Webb (1999)
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=ntZwxttZF-sC

General planetary information
Distances Between Planets from ThePlanets.org (2018)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/163A_Planets-org.htm
Source URL: https://theplanets.org/distances-between-planets/

“It was one of Tycho Brahe’s principal objections to …”
Wikipedia entry on “Parallax”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Parallax.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallax

“…The solar system itself has a velocity of 20km/s …”
p. 10, Cross-Calibration of Far UV Spectra of Solar System Objects and the Heliosphere edited by Eric Quémerais, Martin Snow and Roger-Maurice Bonnet
Source URL: https://books.google.it/books?id=FWdDAAAAQBAJ

“…the mean motion of the Solar system at 20 km/sec …”
The ABC’s of Distances by Edward L. Wright (2011)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/164C_Distances-Wright.htm
Source URL: http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/distance.htm

“The average radial velocity of the stars is of the order …”
p. 113, The Motion of the Stars by J. S. Plaskett (1928) for Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Vol. 22, p.111
Source URL: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1928JRASC..22..111P

“The Sun’s peculiar velocity is 20 km/s at an angle of about …”
Spiral Galaxies by Dmitri Pogosian (2018) for University of Alberta, Astronomy 122: Astronomy of Stars and Galaxies
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/164E_UA-Spiral-Galaxies.htm
Source URL: https://sites.ualberta.ca/~pogosyan/teaching/ASTRO_122/lect24/lecture24.html

“The Sun is moving towards Lambda Herculis at 20km/s. This …”
What is the speed of the Solar System? by Deborah Scherrer, Hao Tai and J. Todd Hoeksema (2017)
for Stanford University Solar Center
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/164F_Stanford-Sol-Speed.htm
Source URL: http://solar-center.stanford.edu/FAQ/Qsolsysspeed.html

“The speed of the Sun towards the solar apex is about 20 km/s …”
Wikipeda entry on “Solar apex”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Solar_apex.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_apex

Image of extract from The Motion of the Stars by J.S. Plaskett (April 1928)
Source URL: http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1928JRASC..22..111P&db_key=AST&page_ind=7&data_type=GIF&type=SCREEN_VIEW&classic=YES

“The point on the celestial sphere, in the constellation …”
Solar Apex by David Darling (2017, daviddarling.info)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/165B_Solar-Apex.htm
Source URL: http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/solar_apex.html

Astronomical definitions from An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics by M. Heydari-Malayeri (dictionary.obspm.fr)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/165C_Antapex.htm
Source URL: http://dictionary.obspm.fr/index.php/index.php?showAll=1&formSearchTextfield=apex

Appendices

Wikipedia entry on “Right ascension”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Right_ascension.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_ascension

Wikipedia entry on “Declination”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Declination.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declination

Wikipedia entry on “Equinox”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Equinox.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinox

Wikipedia entry on “Apsidal precession”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Apsidal_precession.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsidal_precession

General planetary information
HyperPhysics Planetary Data by Carl R. (Rod) Nave for Department of Physics and Astronomy at Georgia State University (2000)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/172A_Planetary-Data.ht
Source URL: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solar/soldata2.html

Further Reading

“The solar system is indeed very flat, the orbits of all …”
Ask an Astronomer: Plane of the solar system (January 2014, University of Cambridge)
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/039A_Plane-of-Solar-System.htm
Source URL: http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/public/ask/3088

Image source for online animated simulator
Source URL: http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/coordsmotion/eclipticsimulator.html

Image source for Sun’s path among the stars
Source URL: http://www.nakedeyeplanets.com

General information
“The main long-term cycle causes [Earth’s] axial tilt to fluctuate …”
Wikipedia Schools entry on “Circle of latitude”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Circle_of_latitude.pdf
Source URL: http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/c/Circle_of_latitude.htm

“The elliptical orbit of Jupiter is inclined 1.31° compared to Earth.”
Wikipedia entry on “Jupiter”
Permalink: http://www.tychos.info/citation/_WIKIP-Feb-2017_Jupiter.pdf
Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter

 
 


Appendix II

Table of Contents